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| | + | [[Category:Linux]] |
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| | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. | | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. |
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| | However, '''the DHCP server's IP @ must always be static!!''' | | However, '''the DHCP server's IP @ must always be static!!''' |
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| | + | |
| | + | If you want to use a DNS, then you can even setup the DNS server first. See [[DNS server]] |
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| − | =Configuration= | + | =Security= |
| | | | |
| | + | See [[Firewall INPUT filters#DHCP|Firewall rules for DHCP server]] |
| | | | |
| − | The main configuration file is '''/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'''
| |
| | | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
| − | vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
| |
| − | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | You can adjust the interface the server is listening on in /etc/dhcp/dhcp3-server
| + | =Configuration= |
| − | INTERFACES="eth0 eth1"
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | ==Random IP assignation==
| + | ==Configuration file== |
| − | | |
| − | The following configuration will accept all clients and give them a random IP @.
| |
| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
| − | # Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
| |
| − | # (add your comments here)
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| − | default-lease-time 600;
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| − | max-lease-time 7200;
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| − | option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
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| − | option broadcast-address 192.168.100.255;
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| − | option routers 192.168.100.254;
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| − | option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.1, 192.168.100.2;
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| − | option domain-name "mydomain.lan";
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| − | option ntp-servers 192.168.100.254;
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| − | | |
| − | subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
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| − | range 192.168.100.10 192.168.100.100;
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| − | range 192.168.100.150 192.168.100.200;
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| − | }
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | You have to adjust:
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| − | * Network parameters - instead of 192.168.100.*
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| − | * DHCP range(s). In the given example there are 2 ranges from 10-100 and 150-200
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Static IP @==
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| − | | |
| − | This new configuration will ONLY accept known clients and give them a static IP @.
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
| − | # Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
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| − | # (add your comments here)
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| − | default-lease-time 600;
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| − | max-lease-time 7200;
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| − | option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
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| − | option broadcast-address 192.168.100.255;
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| − | option routers 192.168.100.254;
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| − | option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.1, 192.168.100.2;
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| − | option domain-name "mydomain.lan";
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| − | option ntp-servers 192.168.100.254;
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| − | | |
| − | deny unknown-clients;
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| − | | |
| − | subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
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| − | host client1 {
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| − | hardware ethernet DD:GH:DF:E5:F7:D7;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.20;
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| − | }
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| − | host client2 {
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| − | hardware ethernet 00:JJ:YU:38:AC:45;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.21;
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| − | }
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| − | }
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| − | | |
| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | Note:
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| − | | |
| − | The ''deny unknown-clients;'' command is why only known clients are accepted.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | For each client you have to adjust:
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| − | * MAC @
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| − | * Set a specific static IP @
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Advanced configuration (name + netboot)==
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| − | | |
| − | In the following scenario you will configure the server to accept only specific clients, use static IP @ and set names.
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| − | | |
| − | This configuration also allow NetBoot using PXE technology.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | #### General options ####
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| − | | |
| − | ## Domain settings
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| − | # domain name
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| − | option domain-name "myDomain.lan";
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| − | # DNS IP @ (replace it by your IP server, Google DNS or your ISP DNS)
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| − | option domain-name-servers XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX, YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY;
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| − | # DNS update system (disable)
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| − | ddns-update-style none;
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| − | | |
| − | ## IP lease settings
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| − | default-lease-time 7200;
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| − | max-lease-time 86400;
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| − | | |
| − | ## Network settings
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| − | # DHCP server name
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| − | server-name "dns.myDomain.lan";
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| − | # Authoritative server = this is the official DHCP server for the local network
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| − | authoritative;
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| − | # Subnet-mask
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| − | option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ## Security
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| − | # Do not allow unknown clients
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| − | deny unknown-clients;
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| − | # Do not forward DHCP request from this server to another one using a different Network Interface
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| − | option ip-forwarding off;
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| − | | |
| − | # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file
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| − | # you also have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection
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| − | log-facility local7;
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| − | | |
| − | ### NetBoot PXE
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| − | # Enable network boot using TFTP
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| − | allow bootp;
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| − | allow booting;
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ## Available networks
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| − | | |
| − | # Your server can manage many network. Just add new subnet{} instruction
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| − | | |
| − | # Main LAN
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| − | subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
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| − | #### Overall settings
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| − | # You can override the default domain set earlier
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| − | option domain-name "myDomain.lan";
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| − | # Broadcast address
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| − | option broadcast-address 192.168.100.255;
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| − | # Default gateway
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| − | option routers 192.168.100.1;
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| − | # Set the NTP (time server) to use
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| − | option ntp-servers 192.168.100.1;
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | #### DHCP range
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| − | # Hint: if the range has only 1 address, and this is a bail (fixed address), then the range won't be used!
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| − | range 192.168.100.5 192.168.100.5;
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| − | | |
| − | #### NETBOOT settings
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| − | # PXE file to serve.
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| − | # >> elilo.efi => for ia64 clients;
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| − | # >> pxelinux.0 => for x86
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| − | # These files should be at the root of your TFTP server
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| − | # Note: The file name can be add in the "host" section too. Then, the "host" will override the current setting
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| − | filename "pxelinux.0";
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| − | # set the server that serve this NETBOOT file
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| − | next-server 192.168.100.2;
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| − | # Ensure that the new client (the one boot) is not stealing someone else IP @
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| − | ping-check = 1;
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| − | }
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| − | | |
| − | #### Managed host and fixed IP @
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| − | # FTP server
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| − | host ftp {
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| − | hardware ethernet 00:0f:75:af:eb:44;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.2;
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| − | option host-name "ftp";
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| − | | |
| − | ### NetBoot PXE settings
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| − | # dedicated file for the current machine:
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| − | #filename "debian-installer/ia64/elilo.efi";
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| − | # Set the TFTP server
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| − | #next-server 192.168.100.2;
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| − | }
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| − | # WEB server
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| − | host web {
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| − | hardware ethernet 00:02:0d:31:d1:cc;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.3;
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| − | option host-name "web";
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| − | }
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| − | # EMAIL server
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| − | host mail {
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| − | hardware ethernet 00:02:55:d2:d1:cc;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.4;
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| − | option host-name "mail";
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| − | }
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| − | # LAPTOP workstation
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| − | host laptop {
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| − | hardware ethernet 00:0e:af:31:d1:cc;
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| − | fixed-address 192.168.100.5;
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| − | option host-name "laptop";
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| − | }
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Be aware that the "option host-name ..." may be discard by most clients.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Logs==
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| − | | |
| − | Logs are in '''/var/log/syslog'''
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Leases==
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| − | | |
| − | All DHCP leases are available in:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | vim /var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Manage service==
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | You can start / restart service using:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | service isc-dhcp-server start|restart|stop
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | OR
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | You can check the status using:
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | ps aux | grep dhcp
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| − | netstat -uap | grep dhcp
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | =NetBoot using PXE and TFTP=
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Reminder:
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| − | | |
| − | * NetBoot requires a DHCP server
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| − | * TFTP is NOT secure at all. You should only use it into your internal network !!
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| − | | |
| − | => Don't forget to adjust your firewall rules
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Installation==
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| − | | |
| − | '''Trivial FTP (TFTP) client'''
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install tftp-hpa
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | '''Trivial FTP (TFTP) server'''
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install tftpd-hpa
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | '''SysLinux [netboot utilities]'''
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install syslinux mtools initramfs-tools
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | '''NFS support'''
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | '''Debootstrap (manage netboot image)'''
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| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install debootstrap
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Configuration== | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===TFTP configuration===
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The TFTP server files, = the files that will be used by the TFTP clients, are in the "TFTP_DIRECTORY" instruction.
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| − | | |
| − | By default ''tftpd-hpa'' uses '''/var/lib/tftpboot'''
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| − | | |
| − | !! You should not change the default user or port number if you plan to use NetBoot !!
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | service tftpd-hpa restart
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Firewall configuration===
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| − | | |
| − | Adjust your firewall script and add the following rules:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | IPTABLES=`which iptables`
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| − | LAN_ADDRESS="172.16.50.0/24"
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| − | | |
| − | $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p udp -s $LAN_ADDRESS --dport 69 -j ACCEPT
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Test the server===
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| − | | |
| − | 1. Create a file on the server
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | vim /var/lib/tftpboot/hello.txt
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2. Connect to the server
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| − | | |
| − | Install TFTP client:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | apt-get install tftp-hpa
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | Connect to the server and get file:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | tftp 192.168.1.156
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| − | get hello.txt
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| − | quit
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Check the received file:
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | cat hello.txt
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Setup NetBoot files==
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Get NetBoot image===
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| − | | |
| − | Download the latest Ubuntu netboot image for the target architecture(s) from: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | You have to take the '''netboot.tar.gz''' archive.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
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| − | mkdir amd64
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| − | cd amd64
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| − | wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
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| − | tar -xzvf netboot.tar.gz
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| − | rm netboot.tar.gz
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Register files in DHCP server===
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| | | | |
| − | | + | The main configuration file is '''/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf''' |
| − | Edit your DHCP server configuration:
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| | | | |
| | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
| Line 433: |
Line 73: |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Adjust it like that:
| + | You can adjust the interface the server is listening on in /etc/dhcp/dhcp3-server |
| − | | + | INTERFACES="eth0 eth1" |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
| − | #### NETBOOT settings
| |
| − | # PXE file to serve.
| |
| − | # >> elilo.efi => for ia64 clients;
| |
| − | # >> pxelinux.0 => for x86
| |
| − | # These files should be at the root of your TFTP server
| |
| − | # Note: The file name can be add in the "host" section too. Then, the "host" will override the current setting
| |
| − | filename "amd64/pxelinux.0";
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| − | # set the server that serve this NETBOOT file
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| − | next-server 172.16.50.2;
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| − | # Ensure that the new client (the one booting) is not stealing someone else IP @
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| − | ping-check = 1;
| |
| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Mind the "amd64/" in the ''filename'' section.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | You can always override that setting later on for each host.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Restart the DHCP server
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| − | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| − | service isc-dhcp-server restart
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| − | </syntaxhighlight>
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | ==TFTP management== | + | ==Assign IP== |
| | | | |
| − | Just use the "service" command:
| + | You can assign dynamic and / or static IP, you can also you NetBoot settings. |
| | | | |
| − | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| + | See: |
| − | service tftpd-hpa {status|restart|start|stop}
| + | * [[DHCP dynamic IP assignation]] |
| − | </syntaxhighlight>
| + | * [[DHCP static IP assignation]] |
| | + | * [[DHCP netboot configuration]] |
