Difference between revisions of "VIM editor"

(Created page with "ViM is one of the best editor for Linux. It's often criticize because of its learning curve - quite hard at first - but it's super powerful! ===Installation=== ViM by defaul...")
 
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 +
[[Category:Linux]]
 
ViM is one of the best editor for Linux.  
 
ViM is one of the best editor for Linux.  
 
It's often criticize because of its learning curve - quite hard at first - but it's super powerful!
 
It's often criticize because of its learning curve - quite hard at first - but it's super powerful!
  
−
===Installation===
+
=Installation=
 
ViM by default is powerful. ViM-Nox add some language coloring. :)
 
ViM by default is powerful. ViM-Nox add some language coloring. :)
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
sudo apt-get install vim vim-doc vim-nox
+
sudo apt-get install vim vim-doc vim-nox vim-scripts
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
===Configuration===
+
=Configuration=
 
Edit the configuration file
 
Edit the configuration file
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
Line 14: Line 15:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
Put the following
+
 
 +
Enable
 +
* Syntax coloring
 +
* Open to where you left last time
 +
* Indentation rules and plugins
 +
* Edit options
 +
** Show command line
 +
** Show matching brackets
 +
** Do case insensitive matching
 +
** Do incremental search
 +
** Hide buffers
 +
** Show line numbers
 +
** Enable ruler
 +
 +
 
 +
Your configuration file should look liḱe that:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and sourced by
 
" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and sourced by
Line 34: Line 50:
 
" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
 
" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
 
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
 
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
−
'''if has("syntax")
+
if has("syntax")
 
   syntax on
 
   syntax on
−
endif'''
+
endif
  
 
" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
 
" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
 
" turn on this option as well
 
" turn on this option as well
−
" set background=dark
+
set background=dark
  
 
" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
 
" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
 
" reopening a file
 
" reopening a file
−
if has("autocmd")
+
"if has("autocmd")
−
  au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif
+
"  au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif
−
endif
+
"endif
  
 
" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
 
" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
Line 64: Line 80:
 
set hidden " Hide buffers when they are abandoned
 
set hidden " Hide buffers when they are abandoned
 
"set mouse=a " Enable mouse usage (all modes)
 
"set mouse=a " Enable mouse usage (all modes)
−
set nu
+
set nu                 " Show line numbers
−
set ruler
+
set ruler               " Show ruler
−
</syntaxhighlight>
 
−
 
 
  
 
" Source a global configuration file if available
 
" Source a global configuration file if available
Line 73: Line 87:
 
   source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
 
   source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
 
endif
 
endif
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
 +
=Color scheme=
 +
 +
List of available color themes:
 +
 +
<code>ls /usr/share/vim/vim74/colors/</code>
 +
 +
 +
==One time change==
 +
 +
Open a file
 +
 +
Type the following command in VIM:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
:colorscheme industry
 +
 +
or
 +
 +
:colorscheme desert
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
==Permanent change==
 +
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vi ~/.vimrc
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
colo desert
 +
syntax on
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
  
  
−
===Shortcuts===
+
=Shortcuts=
 
Just google for ''vim shortcuts'' to get the exhaustive list. Here are the main ones:
 
Just google for ''vim shortcuts'' to get the exhaustive list. Here are the main ones:
  
−
====General====
+
==General==
 
Nearly all commands can be preceded by a number for a repeat count. eg. '''5dd''' delete 5 lines
 
Nearly all commands can be preceded by a number for a repeat count. eg. '''5dd''' delete 5 lines
  
Line 86: Line 136:
 
Commands preceded by ''':''' are executed on the command line at the bottom of the screen. eg. ''':help''' help with any command
 
Commands preceded by ''':''' are executed on the command line at the bottom of the screen. eg. ''':help''' help with any command
  
−
====Navigation====
+
==Navigation==
 
Cursor movement: '''← ↓ ↑ →'''
 
Cursor movement: '''← ↓ ↑ →'''
  
Line 95: Line 145:
 
* '''$''' end of line
 
* '''$''' end of line
  
−
====Editing====
+
==Editing==
 
'''u''' undo; '''^R''' redo
 
'''u''' undo; '''^R''' redo
  
−
====Inserting====
+
==Inserting==
 
All insertion commands are terminated with <Esc> to return to command mode.
 
All insertion commands are terminated with <Esc> to return to command mode.
  
Line 105: Line 155:
 
'''o''' open new line below; '''O''' open new line above
 
'''o''' open new line below; '''O''' open new line above
  
−
====Deleting====
+
==Deleting==
 
'''D''' delete to end of line
 
'''D''' delete to end of line
  
 
'''dd''' delete whole line
 
'''dd''' delete whole line
  
−
====Cut and paste====
+
==Cut and paste==
 
'''yy''' copy line into paste buffer  
 
'''yy''' copy line into paste buffer  
  
Line 117: Line 167:
 
'''p''' paste buffer below cursor line; '''P''' paste buffer above cursor line
 
'''p''' paste buffer below cursor line; '''P''' paste buffer above cursor line
  
−
====Global====
+
==Global==
 
''':%s/'''foo'''/'''bar'''/g''' substitute all occurrences of "foo" to "bar"
 
''':%s/'''foo'''/'''bar'''/g''' substitute all occurrences of "foo" to "bar"
  
−
====Searching====
+
==Searching==
 
'''/''' search forward; '''?''' search backward
 
'''/''' search forward; '''?''' search backward
  
Line 127: Line 177:
 
'''n''' next match in same direction; '''N''' next match in opposite direction
 
'''n''' next match in same direction; '''N''' next match in opposite direction
  
−
====Files====
+
==Files==
 
''':w''' write file to disk
 
''':w''' write file to disk
  
 
''':q''' quit editing a file; ''':q!''' quit editing without saving changes
 
''':q''' quit editing a file; ''':q!''' quit editing without saving changes

Latest revision as of 20:05, 1 October 2015

ViM is one of the best editor for Linux. It's often criticize because of its learning curve - quite hard at first - but it's super powerful!

Installation

ViM by default is powerful. ViM-Nox add some language coloring. :) 

sudo apt-get install vim vim-doc vim-nox vim-scripts

Configuration

Edit the configuration file 

sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc


Enable

  • Syntax coloring
  • Open to where you left last time
  • Indentation rules and plugins
  • Edit options
    • Show command line
    • Show matching brackets
    • Do case insensitive matching
    • Do incremental search
    • Hide buffers
    • Show line numbers
    • Enable ruler


Your configuration file should look liḱe that: 

" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and sourced by
" the call to :runtime you can find below.  If you wish to change any of those
" settings, you should do it in this file (/etc/vim/vimrc), since debian.vim
" will be overwritten everytime an upgrade of the vim packages is performed.
" It is recommended to make changes after sourcing debian.vim since it alters
" the value of the 'compatible' option.

" This line should not be removed as it ensures that various options are
" properly set to work with the Vim-related packages available in Debian.
runtime! debian.vim

" Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible
" NOTE: debian.vim sets 'nocompatible'.  Setting 'compatible' changes numerous
" options, so any other options should be set AFTER setting 'compatible'.
"set compatible

" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
if has("syntax")
  syntax on
endif

" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
" turn on this option as well
set background=dark

" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
" reopening a file
"if has("autocmd")
"  au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif
"endif

" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
" according to the detected filetype.
if has("autocmd")
  filetype plugin indent on
endif

" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot
" differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though.
set showcmd		" Show (partial) command in status line.
set showmatch		" Show matching brackets.
set ignorecase		" Do case insensitive matching
"set smartcase		" Do smart case matching
set incsearch		" Incremental search
set autowrite		" Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
set hidden		" Hide buffers when they are abandoned
"set mouse=a		" Enable mouse usage (all modes)
set nu                  " Show line numbers
set ruler               " Show ruler

" Source a global configuration file if available
if filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local")
  source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
endif


Color scheme

List of available color themes:

ls /usr/share/vim/vim74/colors/


One time change

Open a file

Type the following command in VIM: 

:colorscheme industry

or 

:colorscheme desert



Permanent change

vi ~/.vimrc
colo desert
syntax on


Shortcuts

Just google for vim shortcuts to get the exhaustive list. Here are the main ones:

General

Nearly all commands can be preceded by a number for a repeat count. eg. 5dd delete 5 lines

<Esc> gets you out of any mode and back to command mode

Commands preceded by : are executed on the command line at the bottom of the screen. eg. :help help with any command

Navigation

Cursor movement: ← ↓ ↑ →

Go to line XX :320 to reach line number 320

Line navigation:

  • 0 start of line
  • $ end of line

Editing

u undo; ^R redo

Inserting

All insertion commands are terminated with <Esc> to return to command mode.

i insert text at cursor; I insert text at start of line

o open new line below; O open new line above

Deleting

D delete to end of line

dd delete whole line

Cut and paste

yy copy line into paste buffer

cc cut line into paste buffer

p paste buffer below cursor line; P paste buffer above cursor line

Global

:%s/foo/bar/g substitute all occurrences of "foo" to "bar"

Searching

/ search forward; ? search backward

/foo to search for "foo" forward from cursor

n next match in same direction; N next match in opposite direction

Files

:w write file to disk

:q quit editing a file; :q! quit editing without saving changes

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