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| + | [[Category:Linux]] |
| + | [[Category:Development]] |
| + | |
| Tomcat is a Java servlet container, it can be used to display simple JSP and run ''Spring'' applications. | | Tomcat is a Java servlet container, it can be used to display simple JSP and run ''Spring'' applications. |
| | | |
− | However, it cannot run Java EE, you'll need a proper application server such IBM WAS, Glassfish, Jboss, etc. to do so. | + | However, it cannot run JavaEE, you'll need a proper application server such IBM WAS, Glassfish, Jboss, etc. to do so. |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | =installation=
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | ==Automatic install (Linux)==
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− | This is the recommended installation.
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | apt-get install tomcat7 tomcat7-admin tomcat7-common tomcat7-docs tomcat7-examples
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | On Debian, the service is not available. So you can add a symlink for tomcat7:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | ln -s /etc/init.d/tomcat7 /usr/bin/tomcat7
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | | |
− | ==Manual install (Linux)==
| |
− | | |
− | ===Get and install archive===
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− | Get Tomcat latest version from the official website: http://tomcat.apache.org/
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− | | |
− | Unzip Tomcat to /opt: => /opt/tomcat
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− | | |
− | ===Adjust rights===
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | ===Add server to path===
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− | You need to add an environment variable:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/profile
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | Add
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | export CATALINA_HOME="/opt/tomcat"
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− | PATH="[...]:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$M2:$CATALINA_HOME/bin"
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | Take changes into account
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | source /etc/profile
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | ===Startup script===
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/init.d/tomcat
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | | |
− | Put the following content:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | #!/bin/bash
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− | ### BEGIN INIT INFO
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− | # Provides: tomcat
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− | # Required-Start: $remote_fs
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− | # Required-Stop: $remote_fs
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− | # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
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− | # Default-Stop: 0 1 6
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− | # Short-Description: Tomcat7
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− | ### END INIT INFO
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− | | |
− | # description: tomcat Start - Stop - Restart
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− | # processname: tomee
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− | # chkconfig: 234 20 80
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− | export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm"
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− | PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
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− | export PATH
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− | export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
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− | | |
− | case $1 in
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− | start)
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− | echo "Starting Tomcat"
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− | sh $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
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− | ;;
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− | stop)
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− | echo "Stopping Tomcat"
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− | sh $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
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− | ;;
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− | restart)
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− | echo "Restarting Tomcat"
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− | sh $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
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− | sh $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
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− | ;;
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− | *)
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− | echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
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− | exit 1
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− | ;;
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− | esac
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− | exit 0
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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| | | |
− | Update rights
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | chmod 750 /etc/init.d/tomcat
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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| | | |
| | | |
− | ===Update boot sequence===
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | cd /etc/init.d
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− | update-rc.d tomcat defaults
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
| | | |
− | | + | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |
− | ===Remove from boot sequence=== | + | |- |
− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| + | ! Installation !! Server configuration !! Application configuration !! Other |
− | update-rc.d tomee remove
| + | |-valign="top" |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| + | |width="20%"| [[Tomcat linux apt-get setup|Linux apt-get setup]] |
| + | |width="20%"| [[Tomcat users management|Users management]] |
| + | |width="20%"| [[Tomcat MySQL datasource|MySQL datasource]] |
| + | |width="20%"| [[Apache 2 - proxy]] |
| + | |- |
| + | | [[Tomcat linux manual setup|Linux manual setup]] |
| + | || [[Tomcat UTF-8|UTF-8]] || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | [[Tomcat Linux startup|Linux Tomcat on boot]] |
| + | || [[Tomcat IPv4 over IPv6|IPv4 over IPv6]] || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | [[Tomcat windows setup|Windows setup]] |
| + | || [[Tomcat security restricted access|Server access restriction]] || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | || [[Tomcat JMX|JMX configuration]] || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | || [[Tomcat increase PermGen|Increase PermGen]] || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | || [[Tomcat war deployment through manager|War deployment through manager]] || || |
| + | |} |
| | | |
| | | |
− | ==Installation as Windows service==
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− |
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− |
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− | ===Installation===
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− |
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− | 1. Download the latest tomcat version (Windows installer): http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi
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− |
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− | 2. During installation, add a specific user
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− | This user will be used to access the manager-app (= configuration pages)
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− |
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− | 3. After install, start the tomcat service and go to: http://localhost:8080
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− |
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− | 4. Go to the manager app: http://localhost:8080/manager/html
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− |
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− | 5. Deploy you war file(s)
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− |
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− |
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− | ===Upgrade Tomcat privileges===
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− | In order to start “Tomcat server as a service” on windows startup, you must improve the Tomcat privileges.
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− | To do so, go to TOMCAT_install_dir / bin
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− | * Right click on “tomcat7w.exe” -> Properties
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− | [[File:Tomcat win 01.png|none|Tomcat properties]]
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− |
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− | * Go to the “compatibility” panel
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− | ** Enable “run this program as an administrator”
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− | ** Click on “change settings for all users”
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− | ** Once again, enable “run this program as an administrator”
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− |
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− |
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− | ===Increase server memory===
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− | In order to avoid memory errors such as “permGen space exception”, you have to increase your server JVM memory settings.
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− |
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− | Source: http://wiki.webratio.com/index.php/How_can_I_increase_memory_in_my_application_server%3F
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− |
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− | * Launch the Tomcat Manager “configuration” panel: Right click on the manager -> Configure…
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− | [[File:Tomcat win 02.png|none|Tomcat settings]]
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− |
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− | * Go to the “Java” tab and adjust memory settings
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− | ** Increase permsize by adding the following line in the text panel
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | -XX:MaxPermSize=256m
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− | ** Set maximum memory pool size to '''512''' MB (see max. memory pool)
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− | [[File:Tomcat win 03.png|none|Java settings]]
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | =Server configuration=
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Create users and user-rights==
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− | Manual installation
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Automatic installation
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/tomcat7/tomcat-users.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | Add / uncomment:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <role rolename="manager" />
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− | <role rolename="admin" />
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− | <role rolename="manager-gui" />
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− | <role rolename="manager-script" />
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− | <role rolename="admin-gui" />
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− |
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− | <user username="tomcat" password="password" roles="admin, admin-gui, manager, manager-gui, manager-script" />
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Increase permgen space==
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− |
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− | ===Manual install===
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− | Add JAVA_OPTS parameters as environment variable
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/profile
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Add following line:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | export JAVA_OPTS="-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -XX:NewSize=256m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+DisableExplicitGC"
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Take changes into account
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | source /etc/profile
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Check changes
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | echo $JAVA_OPTS
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | ===Automatic install===
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− |
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/default/tomcat7
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Add following line:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -XX:NewSize=256m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+DisableExplicitGC"
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Take changes into account
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | service tomcat7 restart
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Add UTF-8 support on Tomcat==
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− | By default Tomcat will rely on the O.S locale.
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− |
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− | In order to support UTF-8 URLs, you’ve to manually update the server’s configuration.
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− | * automatic install: $Tomcat = /etc/tomcat7
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− |
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim $TOMCAT/conf/server.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | ~ Line 70 change the “<connector port=”8080” …” value.
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− |
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− | *Before
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
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− | connectionTimeout="20000"
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− | redirectPort="8443" />
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | *After
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
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− | connectionTimeout="20000"
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− | redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | Restart Tomcat server
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | service tomcat7 restart
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | ==War deployment==
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− | There is 2 ways to deploy a war:
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− | * By pushing the target war into ${Tomcat root} / webapps
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− | * By using the graphical tool http://localhost:8080/manager
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− |
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− |
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− | If you plan to use the graphical tool then you have to adjust the war file max size.
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− | Edit:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | ${Tomcat root} / webapps / manager / WEB-INF / web.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | Adjust following values ~line 54 :
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <multipart-config>
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− | <max-file-size>104857600</max-file-size>
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− | <max-request-size>104857600</max-request-size>
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− | <file-size-threshold>0</file-size-threshold>
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− | </multipart-config>
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | =add JMX management=
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− |
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− | Tomcat can be remotely monitored through JMX.
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− | That’s useful to check the status of the server: memory, threads and processes, performances, etc.
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Unsafe configuration==
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− | Just edit your default Tomcat launcher:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/default/tomcat7
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Add the following lines:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-jvm/ → That must be the ORACLE JDK
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− |
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− | # JMX configuration
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8090"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false"
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− |
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− | # Remote access setup
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=dev.daxiongmao.eu"
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | Restart tomcat
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | Service tomcat7 restart
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Open firewall==
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− | Edit your firewall script
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /etc/firewall/firewall-start.sh
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | '''Incoming connections'''
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8090 -j ACCEPT # Tomcat JMX
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | '''Outgoing connections'''
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | $IPTABLES -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 8090 -j ACCEPT # Tomcat JMX
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Just restart your firewall to apply changes
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | firewall restart
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | ==jConsole (simple viewer)==
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− | Just execute '''jConsole''' from Linux or Windows
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− | Just fill up the server:port
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− | You should have the following warning:
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | ==jVisualVM (advanced monitoring)==
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− | Just execute '''jvisualvm'''
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− |
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− |
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− | Add a remote host
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− | Just type the server name and click OK
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− | Then, add a JMX connection
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− | >> TODO: add picture
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− |
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− |
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− | Then you can access the server
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− |
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− |
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− | ==Restricted access==
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− | You can also restricted the access
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− |
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− | Create the JMX users rights
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.access
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− |
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− | Put the following
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | monitorRole readonly → replace monitorRole by your ''userName''
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− | controlRole readwrite
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Create the JMX users password
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | vim /var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.password
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Put the following
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | monitorRole tomcat → replace monitorRole by username | replace tomcat by password
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− | controlRole tomcat
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Set rights and permissions upon login files
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | chmod 400 /var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.*
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− | chown tomcat7:tomcat7 /var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.*
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Edit the default tomcat launcher
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | # JMX configuration
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8090"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.access"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/var/lib/tomcat7/conf/jmxremote.password"
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false"
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− |
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− | # Remote access setup
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− | JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=dev.daxiongmao.eu"
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Restart tomcat
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | # service tomcat7 restart
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− |
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− | =Add MySQL datasource=
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− |
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− | ==Setup MySQL JDBC connector==
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− |
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− | 1. Download MySQL JDBC driver
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− | http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/
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− |
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− | 2. Decompress content and extract mysql-connector-java-XXX-bin.jar
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− |
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− | 3. Copy this file into $TOMCAT/libs
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− | Automatic install: /usr/share/tomcat7/lib
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− |
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− | ==Declare MySQL datasource==
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− |
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− | ===Server.xml===
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− | Automatic install: /etc/tomcat7/server.xml
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− |
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | $TOMCAT/server.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Add
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <host>
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− | ...
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− | <GlobalNamingResources>
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− | ...
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− |
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− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
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− | <!-- MySQL datasource -->
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− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
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− |
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− | <!-- maxActive: Maximum number of database connections in pool. Set to -1 for no limit. -->
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− | <!-- maxIdle: Maximum number of idle database connections to retain in pool. Set to -1 for no limit. -->
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− | <!-- maxWait: Maximum time to wait for a database connection to become available in ms. Set to -1 to wait indefinitely. -->
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− | <!-- driverClassName: Class name for the official MySQL Connector/J driver is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver. -->
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− |
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− | <Resource name="jdbc/myDataSource"
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− | auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
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− | username="user" password="password"
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− | url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mySchema"
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− | maxActive="50" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
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− | driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
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− | factory="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory"
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− | />
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− |
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− | …
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− | </GlobalNamingResources>
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
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− | ''Ubuntu Tomcat Fix''
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− |
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− | You must use the Factory line for Ubuntu !
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− |
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− | This will fix the “ClassNotFoundException: BasicDataSourceFactory”
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− |
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− | You may encountered this error with a Tomcat out of the box.
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− |
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− | Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14712308/ubuntu-tomcat7-java-lang-classnotfoundexception-org-apache-tomcat-dbcp-dbcp-bas
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− |
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− | ===Context.xml===
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− | Edit:
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | $TOMCAT/context.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− | Add the following declaration
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
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− | <!-- MySQL datasource -->
| |
− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
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− | <ResourceLink name="jdbc/myDataSource"
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− | global="jdbc/myDataSource"
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− | type="javax.sql.datasource" />
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
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− |
| |
− | ===web.xml===
| |
− | Edit
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
− | $TOMCAT/web.xml
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− | </syntaxhighlight>
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− |
| |
− | Add the following declaration
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− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
| |
− | <!-- MySQL datasource -->
| |
− | <!-- ####################################################################### -->
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− |
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− | <resource-ref>
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− | <description>RTD database</description>
| |
− | <res-ref-name>jdbc/VehcoData</res-ref-name>
| |
− | <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
| |
− | <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
| |
− | </resource-ref>
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Take changes into account===
| |
− | Restart tomcat
| |
− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
− | service tomcat7 restart
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
− |
| |
− | Check result:
| |
− | http://localhost:8080/manager/text/resources
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Use datasource==
| |
− | To use the datasource with a JNDI name you must prefix it with: java:comp/env/
| |
− |
| |
− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
− | java:comp/env/jdbc/myDataSource
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Datasource improvements==
| |
− | You can tweak the datasource using some specific config parameters.
| |
− | Edit:
| |
− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
− | $TOMCAT/server.xml
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
− |
| |
− | Edit your JDBC resource:
| |
− | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
| |
− | <Resource auth="Container"
| |
− | name="jdbc/APP_NAME"
| |
− | username="user"
| |
− | password="password"
| |
− | type="javax.sql.DataSource"
| |
− |
| |
− | url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@server.domain:1521:development" → ORACLE database
| |
− | driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
| |
− |
| |
− | url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/rtd" → MySQL database
| |
− | driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
| |
− |
| |
− | maxActive="50" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000" → Connection pool
| |
− | maxIdle="10"
| |
− | maxWait="5000"
| |
− | maxActive="30" → To remove none close connections
| |
− |
| |
− | logAbandoned="true" To report the stacktrace of the faulty code
| |
− | removeAbandoned="true" To remedy connection starvation while leaky code is not fixed
| |
− | removeAbandonedTimeout="60" Interval for fixing connection starvation
| |
− |
| |
− | validationQuery="select 1 from dual" custom query to perform regular checks
| |
− | validationInterval="30000" To be adjusted! Interval in ms.
| |
− | testOnBorrow="true"
| |
− | testOnReturn="false"
| |
− | testWhileIdle="true"
| |
− | timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="5000"
| |
− | numTestsPerEvictionRun="3"
| |
− | minEvictableIdleTimeMillis="30000"
| |
− | />
| |
− | </syntaxhighlight>
| |
− |
| |
− | More tweaks: http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-dbcp/configuration.html
| |
| | | |
| | | |
Line 591: |
Line 40: |
| | | |
| ==Files location== | | ==Files location== |
| + | |
| The applications files are in $Tomcat/webapps | | The applications files are in $Tomcat/webapps |
| * Automatic installation: /var/lib/tomcat/webapps | | * Automatic installation: /var/lib/tomcat/webapps |
| + | * Manual installation (tomcat instance): /opt/tomcat-base/webapps |
| + | |
| | | |
| ==Remove old temp files== | | ==Remove old temp files== |
| + | |
| In case of bugs, you can remove the working directory: $Tomcat/work/Catalina/localhost/* | | In case of bugs, you can remove the working directory: $Tomcat/work/Catalina/localhost/* |
| + | |
| <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
| + | # Package installation |
| rm -Rf /var/lib/tomcat7/work/Catalina/localhost/* | | rm -Rf /var/lib/tomcat7/work/Catalina/localhost/* |
| + | |
| + | # Manual installation, Tomcat instance |
| + | rm -Rf /opt/tomcat-base/work/Catalina/localhost/* |
| </syntaxhighlight> | | </syntaxhighlight> |
− |
| |
− | ==Server access==
| |
− | http://server:8080
| |