Difference between revisions of "Partitions setup"
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| ext4 || /tmp || 4 Go || logical | | ext4 || /tmp || 4 Go || logical | ||
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| + | =Advanced= | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==How to know the current hardware and partitions?== | ||
| + | |||
| + | You can always have a list of available hardware and partitions by checking-out /dev. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
| + | ls /dev/ | ||
| + | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
| + | |||
| + | You'll see some output. | ||
| + | |||
| + | >> Hardware = letter | ||
| + | |||
| + | >> Partition = number | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | * /dev/sd'''a''' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sda''1'' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sda''2'' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sda''3'' | ||
| + | * /dev/sd'''b''' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sdb''1'' | ||
| + | * /dev/sd'''c''' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sdc''1'' | ||
| + | ** /dev/sdc''2'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | As an alternative, you can run the fdisk command: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
| + | sudo fdisk -l | ||
| + | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Then you'll see more details like: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
| + | Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes | ||
| + | 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors | ||
| + | Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
| + | Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | ||
| + | I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | ||
| + | Disk identifier: 0x000ea115 | ||
| + | |||
| + | Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System | ||
| + | /dev/sda1 * 2048 233390079 116694016 83 Linux | ||
| + | /dev/sda2 233392126 250068991 8338433 5 Extended | ||
| + | /dev/sda5 233392128 250068991 8338432 82 Linux swap / Solaris | ||
| + | |||
| + | Disk /dev/sdb: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes | ||
| + | 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 491 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors | ||
| + | Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
| + | Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | ||
| + | I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | ||
| + | Disk identifier: 0x00845e69 | ||
| + | |||
| + | Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System | ||
| + | /dev/sdb1 * 2048 7897087 3947520 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) | ||
| + | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==How to know the current mount points== | ||
| + | |||
| + | On *Ubuntu Desktop all the devices are automatically mounted. This is not the case on the servers! | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | To check the list of current mount points: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
| + | sudo mount | ||
| + | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
Latest revision as of 14:29, 7 August 2014
How to setup the partitions are a key point in Linux installation process.
There are many school regarding that:
- More partitions will bring more control and avoid memory leaks to spread out
- Less partitions are easier to manage
Contents
In all cases
In all cases, you need at least 2 partitions:
- 1 data partition called root (/)
- 1 temporary partition called "swap". This is the temporary data of the system.
The swap size depends on your RAM:
- Up to 4 Go RAM: double your RAM value
- 8 to 16 Go RAM: put the same amount as your RAM
- more than 16 Go RAM: that's hard to evaluate. 16 Go of swap is already a lot! That should be enough in all cases.
Desktop installation
For a desktop installation you can use the default partitionning table. This is generally good enough.
Some developers - like me - are used to put "/opt" in a dedicated space.
This is my partition table:
| File System | Mount point | Size | Type | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fat32 | /boot | 150 Mo | primary | boot |
| ext4 | / | 50 Go | primary | |
| swap | 8 Go | primary | ||
| ext4 | /home | 400 Go | logical |
Server installation
Unlike a workstation, it's quite important to setup some partitions on a server. This will avoid to have to many logs or temp files - for instance. Then you'll have to monitor regulary the matching mount points to check the available space.
This is how I setup my servers:
| File System | Mount point | Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| ext4 | / | 50 Go | primary |
| swap | 8 Go | primary | |
| ext4 | /home | 424 Go | primary |
| ext4 | /var/log | 2 Go | logical |
| ext4 | /tmp | 4 Go | logical |
Advanced
How to know the current hardware and partitions?
You can always have a list of available hardware and partitions by checking-out /dev.
ls /dev/You'll see some output.
>> Hardware = letter
>> Partition = number
- /dev/sda
- /dev/sda1
- /dev/sda2
- /dev/sda3
- /dev/sdb
- /dev/sdb1
- /dev/sdc
- /dev/sdc1
- /dev/sdc2
As an alternative, you can run the fdisk command:
sudo fdisk -l
Then you'll see more details like:
Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000ea115
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 233390079 116694016 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 233392126 250068991 8338433 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 233392128 250068991 8338432 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 491 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00845e69
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 7897087 3947520 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
How to know the current mount points
On *Ubuntu Desktop all the devices are automatically mounted. This is not the case on the servers!
To check the list of current mount points:
sudo mount
